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This book outlines key developments in understanding social harm by
setting out its historical foundations and the discussions which
have proliferated since. It examines various attempts to
conceptualise social harm and highlights key sites of contestation
in its relationship to criminology to argue that these act as the
basis for an activist zemiology, one directed towards social change
for social justice. The past two decades have seen a proliferation
of debate related to social harm in and around criminology. From
climate catastrophe and a focus on environmental harms,
unprecedented deaths generating focus on border harms and the
coronavirus pandemic revealing the horror of mass and arguably
avoidable deaths across the globe, critical studies in social harm
appear ever more pressing. Drawing on a range of international case
studies of cultural, emotional, physical and economic harms, From
Social Harm to Zemiology locates the study of social harm in an
accessible fashion. In doing so it sets out how a zemiological lens
can moves us beyond many of the problematic legacies of
criminology. This book rejects criminologies which have
disproportionately served to regulate intersectional groups, and
which have arguably inflicted as much or more harm by bolstering
the very ideologies of control in offering minor reforms that
inadvertently expand and strengthen states and corporations. It
does this by sketching out the contours, objects, methods and
ontologies of a disciplinary framework which rejects commonplace
assumptions of 'value freedom'. From Social Harm to Zemiology
advocates social change in accordance with groups who are most
disenfranchised, and thus often most socially harmed. An accessible
and compelling read, this book is essential reading for all
zemiologists, critical criminologists, and those engaged with
criminological and social theory.
This book outlines key developments in understanding social harm by
setting out its historical foundations and the discussions which
have proliferated since. It examines various attempts to
conceptualise social harm and highlights key sites of contestation
in its relationship to criminology to argue that these act as the
basis for an activist zemiology, one directed towards social change
for social justice. The past two decades have seen a proliferation
of debate related to social harm in and around criminology. From
climate catastrophe and a focus on environmental harms,
unprecedented deaths generating focus on border harms and the
coronavirus pandemic revealing the horror of mass and arguably
avoidable deaths across the globe, critical studies in social harm
appear ever more pressing. Drawing on a range of international case
studies of cultural, emotional, physical and economic harms, From
Social Harm to Zemiology locates the study of social harm in an
accessible fashion. In doing so it sets out how a zemiological lens
can moves us beyond many of the problematic legacies of
criminology. This book rejects criminologies which have
disproportionately served to regulate intersectional groups, and
which have arguably inflicted as much or more harm by bolstering
the very ideologies of control in offering minor reforms that
inadvertently expand and strengthen states and corporations. It
does this by sketching out the contours, objects, methods and
ontologies of a disciplinary framework which rejects commonplace
assumptions of 'value freedom'. From Social Harm to Zemiology
advocates social change in accordance with groups who are most
disenfranchised, and thus often most socially harmed. An accessible
and compelling read, this book is essential reading for all
zemiologists, critical criminologists, and those engaged with
criminological and social theory.
Although intervention and campaigning have long been integral to
critical criminology, in recent years, criminal justice activism
has taken new directions and gathered momentum, especially with the
advent of digital technologies and social media. These have made it
easier than ever for ordinary citizens and professional journalists
alike to comment on perceived injustices and potentially intervene
in formal criminal justice processes. The Emerald International
Handbook of Activist Criminology examines the history of both
recent and more established justice campaigns and interventions.
Spanning contributions from activists, activist academics, and
practitioners from five continents, chapters address a range of
criminological perspectives that engage in questions of effecting
change through activism. Contributors also consider prominent
international issues including feminist criminology, juvenile
justice, migrant rights, corporate and state crime, indigenous
rights, green/environmental criminology, sentencing and wrongful
conviction, the harms of prisons, corrections and abolitionism, and
justice for victim/survivors of harm and crime. Collectively, The
Emerald International Handbook of Activist Criminology explores the
contemporary terrain around new and emergent issues and forms of
activism, and offers cutting edge conceptualizations of the
methodological and practical applications of activist engagement,
solidarity, and resistance.
Frank Pearce was the first scholar to use the term 'crimes of the
powerful.' His ground-breaking book of the same name provided
insightful critiques of liberal orthodox criminology, particularly
in relation to labelling theory and symbolic interactionism, while
making important contributions to Marxist understandings of the
complex relations between crime, law and the state in the
reproduction of the capitalist social order. Historically, crimes
of the powerful were largely neglected in crime and deviance
studies, but there is now an important and growing body of work
addressing this gap. This book brings together leading
international scholars to discuss the legacy of Frank Pearce's book
and his work in this area, demonstrating the invaluable
contributions a critical Marxist framework brings to studies of
corporate and state crimes, nationally, internationally and on a
global scale. This book is neither a hagiography, nor a review of
random areas of social scientific interest. Instead, it draws
together a collection of scholarly and original articles which draw
upon and critically interrogate the continued significance of the
approach pioneered in Crimes of the Powerful. The book traces the
evolution of crimes of the powerful empirically and theoretically
since 1976, shows how critical scholars have integrated new
theoretical insights derived from post-structuralism, feminism and
critical race studies and offers perspectives on how the crimes of
the powerful - and the enormous, ongoing destruction they cause -
can be addressed and resisted.
Drawing upon a wide range of sources of empirical evidence,
historical analysis and theoretical argument, this book shows
beyond any doubt that the private, profit-making, corporation is a
habitual and routine offender. The book dissects the myth that the
corporation can be a rational, responsible, 'citizen'. It shows how
in its present form, the corporation is permitted, licensed and
encouraged to systematically kill, maim and steal for profit.
Corporations are constructed through law and politics in ways that
impel them to cause harm to people and the environment. In other
words, criminality is part of the DNA of the modern corporation.
Therefore, the authors argue, the corporation cannot be easily
reformed. The only feasible solution to this 'crime' problem is to
abolish the legal and political privileges that enable the
corporation to act with impunity.
Originally published in 1998. While there is a growing academic
literature on corporate crime, much of this focuses upon variants
of economic or financial crimes; there is a relative absence of
studies of safety, health and/or environmental crimes. This is
curious given that recent years have witnessed a resurgence in
popular, academic and indeed state attention to questions related
to environmental degradation and human safety. Certainly in the
latter context there is some recognition that environmental
degradation must be understood partly in terms of environmental
crimes by corporations. Moreover, recent experience in both the US
and the UK attests to the fact that there is no ineluctable trend
towards safer and healthier workplaces, as deregulatory movements
have resulted in increased risks for most workers and, this text
argues, an increased opportunity for, and incidence of, safety
crimes. At the centre of environmental, safety and health isses lie
the chemicals industries. These industries are of strategic
importance to national economies, while also having almost unique
hazard and risk potential and it is for these reasons that these
are the focus of this text. Any understanding of the nature of
these types of corporate crimes, and thus any recognition of the
potential for their more effective regulation, requires an analysis
that is grounded in more general sociological concerns and in
political economy. For this reason, this text emphasises the need
for understandings of the nature of contemporary and emergent forms
of corporate organisation, of their place in contemporary
economies, and of the relationships between these forms and state
formations.
Every year in the UK, hundreds of workers are killed just doing
their jobs, thousands more die of illnesses caused by their work
and tens of thousands suffer major injuries such as amputations,
loss of sight, serious burns, and so on. Worldwide, two million
people are killed by work each year. Yet with the exception of high
profile cases such as the gas leak at Bhopal, India, which killed
tens of thousands, this crime wave fails to attract the interest of
the politicians, the media or - least forgiveably of all - the
knowledge industry of criminology. This book is concerned with
crimes against worker and public safety, providing an account and
analysis of this increasingly important field, and setting this
within the broader context of corporate and white-collar crime. It
uses case studies and original analyses of official data to
illustrate key points and themes, drawing upon both well known and
high profile instances of safety crimes as well the mass of
ubiquitous 'mundane' or 'routine' deaths and injuries. Thus the
book examines how much safety crime is there, how are such offences
rendered invisible, and how can their extent be unearthed
accurately? Throughout the book the authors analyse the social,
legal and political processes that ensure that safety crimes remain
subject to under-enforcement and under-criminalisation. This
analysis identifies key moments in the historical development of
criminal law and regulation, and assesses the prospects for
criminalising safety crimes in the context of contemporary
neo-liberal regulatory policies. The theoretical and political
justifications for dominant approaches to the regulation and
sanctioning of safety criminals are subject to critique in order to
develop alternative, more effective, means of criminalisation and
punishment. The book concludes with an original analysis of safety
crimes that allows us to understand the complexities of the
conditions of their production, and develop a more realistic
appraisal of the prospects for their amelioration.
Originally published in 1998. While there is a growing academic
literature on corporate crime, much of this focuses upon variants
of economic or financial crimes; there is a relative absence of
studies of safety, health and/or environmental crimes. This is
curious given that recent years have witnessed a resurgence in
popular, academic and indeed state attention to questions related
to environmental degradation and human safety. Certainly in the
latter context there is some recognition that environmental
degradation must be understood partly in terms of environmental
crimes by corporations. Moreover, recent experience in both the US
and the UK attests to the fact that there is no ineluctable trend
towards safer and healthier workplaces, as deregulatory movements
have resulted in increased risks for most workers and, this text
argues, an increased opportunity for, and incidence of, safety
crimes. At the centre of environmental, safety and health isses lie
the chemicals industries. These industries are of strategic
importance to national economies, while also having almost unique
hazard and risk potential and it is for these reasons that these
are the focus of this text. Any understanding of the nature of
these types of corporate crimes, and thus any recognition of the
potential for their more effective regulation, requires an analysis
that is grounded in more general sociological concerns and in
political economy. For this reason, this text emphasises the need
for understandings of the nature of contemporary and emergent forms
of corporate organisation, of their place in contemporary
economies, and of the relationships between these forms and state
formations.
Drawing upon a wide range of sources of empirical evidence,
historical analysis and theoretical argument, this book shows
beyond any doubt that the private, profit-making, corporation is a
habitual and routine offender. The book dissects the myth that the
corporation can be a rational, responsible, 'citizen'. It shows how
in its present form, the corporation is permitted, licensed and
encouraged to systematically kill, maim and steal for profit.
Corporations are constructed through law and politics in ways that
impel them to cause harm to people and the environment. In other
words, criminality is part of the DNA of the modern corporation.
Therefore, the authors argue, the corporation cannot be easily
reformed. The only feasible solution to this 'crime' problem is to
abolish the legal and political privileges that enable the
corporation to act with impunity.
This collection offers a comprehensive review of the origins, scale
and breadth of the privatisation and marketisation revolution
across the criminal justice system. Leading academics and
researchers assess the consequences of market-driven criminal
justice in a wide range of contexts, from prison and probation to
policing, migrant detention, rehabilitation and community
programmes. Using economic, sociological and criminological
perspectives, illuminated by accessible case studies, they consider
the shifting roles and interactions of the public, private and
voluntary sectors. As privatisation, outsourcing and the impact of
market cultures spread further across the system, the authors look
ahead to future developments and signpost the way to reform in a
'post-market' criminal justice sphere.
UK austerity policies include anti-regulatory pressures to 'free
up' private capital to produce wealth, employment and tax revenues.
This topical book by a recognised scholar on the regulation of
corporate crime and social harm considers the economic, political
and social consequences of the economic crisis, the nature of
social protection and the dynamics of the current crisis of
regulation. It is unique in documenting how economic and social
welfare are inconsistent with corporate freedom, and in an
empirical and theoretical analysis of regulatory reform within the
context of wide-scale social change. Based on empirical research
and with a focus on environmental, food, and workplace safety, it
considers how we reached the current crisis of anti-regulation and
how we might overcome it. The author proposes radically rethinking
'regulation' to address conceptual, policy and practical issues,
making the book essential reading for those interested in this
important topic.
UK austerity policies include anti-regulatory pressures to 'free
up' private capital to produce wealth, employment and tax revenues.
This topical book by a recognised scholar on the regulation of
corporate crime and social harm considers the economic, political
and social consequences of the economic crisis, the nature of
social protection and the dynamics of the current crisis of
regulation. It is unique in documenting how economic and social
welfare are inconsistent with corporate freedom, and in an
empirical and theoretical analysis of regulatory reform within the
context of wide-scale social change. Based on empirical research
and with a focus on environmental, food, and workplace safety, it
considers how we reached the current crisis of anti-regulation and
how we might overcome it. The author proposes radically rethinking
'regulation' to address conceptual, policy and practical issues,
making the book essential reading for those interested in this
important topic.
Frank Pearce was the first scholar to use the term 'crimes of the
powerful.' His ground-breaking book of the same name provided
insightful critiques of liberal orthodox criminology, particularly
in relation to labelling theory and symbolic interactionism, while
making important contributions to Marxist understandings of the
complex relations between crime, law and the state in the
reproduction of the capitalist social order. Historically, crimes
of the powerful were largely neglected in crime and deviance
studies, but there is now an important and growing body of work
addressing this gap. This book brings together leading
international scholars to discuss the legacy of Frank Pearce's book
and his work in this area, demonstrating the invaluable
contributions a critical Marxist framework brings to studies of
corporate and state crimes, nationally, internationally and on a
global scale. This book is neither a hagiography, nor a review of
random areas of social scientific interest. Instead, it draws
together a collection of scholarly and original articles which draw
upon and critically interrogate the continued significance of the
approach pioneered in Crimes of the Powerful. The book traces the
evolution of crimes of the powerful empirically and theoretically
since 1976, shows how critical scholars have integrated new
theoretical insights derived from post-structuralism, feminism and
critical race studies and offers perspectives on how the crimes of
the powerful - and the enormous, ongoing destruction they cause -
can be addressed and resisted.
Recent events like the BSE and GM food crises, and the Concorde
crash in July 2000, have illustrated that large private and public
sector organisations are vulnerable and can suffer from major
disruption to their business. Awareness of the need to develop
expertise in risk management has grown and as a result new programs
of research and teaching in risk and crisis management are being
developed at universities. The contributions to this volume have
been selected by adopting a multi-disciplinary approach to risk,
and by considering the implications for management, business and
society. The contributions are written by recognized experts in
their fields and represent a unique collection of papers on the
topic. Audience: The book will be of benefit to scientists,
managers, politicians and trainers in academia, business and
industry involved in risk analysis, assessment and management,
regulation and deregulation of risk, crisis management and
accidents and disasters.
Recent events like the BSE and GM food crises, and the Concorde
crash in July 2000, have illustrated that large private and public
sector organisations are vulnerable and can suffer from major
disruption to their business. Awareness of the need to develop
expertise in risk management has grown and as a result new programs
of research and teaching in risk and crisis management are being
developed at universities. The contributions to this volume have
been selected by adopting a multi-disciplinary approach to risk,
and by considering the implications for management, business and
society. The contributions are written by recognized experts in
their fields and represent a unique collection of papers on the
topic. Audience: The book will be of benefit to scientists,
managers, politicians and trainers in academia, business and
industry involved in risk analysis, assessment and management,
regulation and deregulation of risk, crisis management and
accidents and disasters.
This collection offers a comprehensive review of the origins, scale
and breadth of the privatisation and marketisation revolution
across the criminal justice system. Leading academics and
researchers assess the consequences of market-driven criminal
justice in a wide range of contexts, from prison and probation to
policing, migrant detention, rehabilitation and community
programmes. Using economic, sociological and criminological
perspectives, illuminated by accessible case studies, they consider
the shifting roles and interactions of the public, private and
voluntary sectors. As privatisation, outsourcing and the impact of
market cultures spread further across the system, the authors look
ahead to future developments and signpost the way to reform in a
'post-market' criminal justice sphere.
"Beyond Criminology" is an innovative, groundbreaking critique of
the narrow focus of conventional criminology. The authors argue
that crime forms only a small and often insignificant amount of the
harm experienced by people. They show that, while custom and
tradition play an important role in the perpetuation of some types
of harm, many forms of harm are rooted in the inequalities and
social divisions systematically produced in -- and by --
contemporary states. Exploring a range of topics including
violence, indifference, corporate and state harms, murder,
children, asylum and immigration policies, sexuality and poverty,
the contributions raise a number of theoretical and methodological
issues associated with a social harm approach. Only once we have
identified the origins, scale and consequences of social harms,
they argue, can we begin to formulate possible responses -- and
these are more likely to be located in public and social policy
than in the criminal justice system. The book provides an original
and challenging new perspective that goes beyond criminology -- one
which will be of interest to students, teachers and policy makers.
'Following the outstanding introduction by the authors there are
fifteen excellent original articles devoted to an integrated theory
of the relationship between the state and crime. This work is on
the cutting edge of critical criminology. It is a must read.' -
William J. Chambliss, Professor of Sociology, The George Washington
University, USA. 'This book is a superb compilation of original
papers by an impressive roster of authors. While the articles cover
a wide range of empirical issues, from Northern Ireland and
corporate crime to youth crime and heterosexual hegemony they all
explore the implications, strategies and mechanisms of state power.
There isn't a weak paper here: all are extensively documented, well
written, persuasive and scholarly in the very best sense.' -
Professor Laureen Snider, Queens University, Canada 'State, Power,
Crime is a hugely important book for these times. Bringing together
some of the most original minds in criminology it offers a critical
analysis of the state, how it constructs crime, responds to it and,
at times, engages in the very same. The book is essential reading
for anyone interested in justice, freedom and equality.' - Paddy
Rawlinson, London School of Economics Featuring contributions by
many of the leading scholars in the field, this seminal text
explores the key themes and debates on state power today, in
relation to crime and social order. It critically evaluates a range
of substantive areas of criminological concern, including
terrorism, surveillance, violence and the media. State, Power,
Crime provides: "historical overviews of key theories about state
power " assessment of the relationship between crime, criminal
justice and the state " analysis of the development of law and
order policy " discussion of the impact of structural fissures such
as gender, race and sexuality " an overview of current research and
writing " critical reflection on the future direction of research
and analysis " advice on further reading. In 1978, with the
publication of Hall et al's Policing the Crisis and Poulantzas's
State, Power, Socialism, the complexity of the state's
interventions in maintaining a capitalist social order were laid
bare for critical criminological analysis. State, Power, Crime
offers an up-to-date and comprehensive examination of the
challenges posed by state power, in relation to both criminal and
social justice.
'Following the outstanding introduction by the authors there are
fifteen excellent original articles devoted to an integrated theory
of the relationship between the state and crime. This work is on
the cutting edge of critical criminology. It is a must read.' -
William J. Chambliss, Professor of Sociology, The George Washington
University, USA. 'This book is a superb compilation of original
papers by an impressive roster of authors. While the articles cover
a wide range of empirical issues, from Northern Ireland and
corporate crime to youth crime and heterosexual hegemony they all
explore the implications, strategies and mechanisms of state power.
There isn't a weak paper here: all are extensively documented, well
written, persuasive and scholarly in the very best sense.' -
Professor Laureen Snider, Queens University, Canada 'State, Power,
Crime is a hugely important book for these times. Bringing together
some of the most original minds in criminology it offers a critical
analysis of the state, how it constructs crime, responds to it and,
at times, engages in the very same. The book is essential reading
for anyone interested in justice, freedom and equality.' - Paddy
Rawlinson, London School of Economics Featuring contributions by
many of the leading scholars in the field, this seminal text
explores the key themes and debates on state power today, in
relation to crime and social order. It critically evaluates a range
of substantive areas of criminological concern, including
terrorism, surveillance, violence and the media. State, Power,
Crime provides: "historical overviews of key theories about state
power " assessment of the relationship between crime, criminal
justice and the state " analysis of the development of law and
order policy " discussion of the impact of structural fissures such
as gender, race and sexuality " an overview of current research and
writing " critical reflection on the future direction of research
and analysis " advice on further reading. In 1978, with the
publication of Hall et al's Policing the Crisis and Poulantzas's
State, Power, Socialism, the complexity of the state's
interventions in maintaining a capitalist social order were laid
bare for critical criminological analysis. State, Power, Crime
offers an up-to-date and comprehensive examination of the
challenges posed by state power, in relation to both criminal and
social justice.
Contents: Frank Pearce: Holy Wars and Spiritual Revitalization -
Steve Tombs/Dave Whyte: Scrutinizing the Powerful: Crime,
Contemporary Political Economy, and Critical Social Research -
Laureen Snider: Researching Corporate Crime - Geoffrey Tweedale:
Researching Corporate Crime: A Business Historian's Perspective -
Roy Coleman: CCTV Surveillance, Power, and Social Order: The State
of Contemporary Social Control - Gary Fooks: In the Valley of the
Blind the One-Eyed Man Is King: Corporate Crime and the Myopia of
Financial Regulation - Eileen Berrington/Ann Jemphrey/Phil Scraton:
Silencing the View from Below: The Institutional Regulation of
Critical Research - Colm Power: « Telling It Like It Is? Power,
Prejudice, Politics, and People in the Qualitative Process - Penny
Green: Researching the Turkish State - Anne Alvesalo/Erja Virta:
Researching Regulators and the Paradoxes of Access - Paddy
Hillyard: Imaginative Crimes or Crimes of the Imagination:
Researching the Secret State - Anette Ballinger: Researching and
Redefining State Crime: Feminism and the Capital Punishment of
Women - Joe Sim: Whose Side Are We Not On? Researching Medical
Power in Prisons - Steve Tombs/Dave Whyte: Unmasking the Crimes of
the Powerful: Establishing Some Rules of Engagement.
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